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history of the League of Provinces dates back to the early 1950s. During
this time, the practice was to appoint presidential representatives to
city and provincial governments in line with the supervisory power of
the President over local governments. But this set-up did not deter the
governors and mayors from organizing themselves into a League to push
for reforms.
The stirrings for local
autonomy, however, were strengthened with the passage of the Local
Autonomy Bill of 1957. In the face of strong opposition in Congress, the
League pushed for its immediate enactment. In time, another law seeking
to empower the local community by recognizing the barrio as a unit of
local government was proposed. This law, called the Barrio Charter, was
eventually signed into law to ensure greater people's participation in
local governance and management.
These reforms, however,
did not completely ensure local autonomy. Real power and authority, and
the material resources needed to govern and deliver services, remained
in the hands of central government. For a time, the determination of
internal revenue allotments (IRA) for local government units (LGUs)
included consultations with the League. Further on, its participation in
the determination of IRA was obscured by the individual lobbyings of
local officials close to Malacanang. With the issuance of Presidential
Decree 114 in 1978, LGUs' participation in IRA decisions ceased. The
Ministry of the Budget was given the sole power to set the level of
national support to LGUs.
This situation was
further undermined by centralist policies issued between 1972 to 1986.
As a consequence, the League's agenda for local autonomy was derailed.
More than 500 decrees, letters of instruction, orders, executive
directives and memoranda affecting LGUs were issued by President
Ferdinand Marcos. One granted the President power to appoint local
government officials and extend their terms of office indefinitely.
Eventually, President Marcos reorganized the Leagues to support
authoritarianism. Along with the Pambansang Katipunan ng mga Punong
Bayan sa Pilipinas (1976), the League of Governors was formally
organized. As a result, during the framing and eventual passage of the
1983 Local Government Code, the League was forced to support this new
law.
Following the EDSA
uprising, the League was revitalized through the issuance of Executive
Order 262 by President Aquino. The directive provided for the creation
of separate leagues - the League of Provinces, League of Municipalities
and League of Cities. After the ratification of 1987 Philippine
Constitution, the League was formally established with the adoption of
its charter in 25 May 1988. The primary purpose of the newly constituted
League is the ventilation, articulation and the crystallization of
issues affecting the provincial and metropolitan government
administration.
When the Congress was
inaugurated, preparations became earnest in the codification of
legislations on local government. The year saw the active participation
of the League in drafting the new law. When the proposed bill
encountered opposition early in 1990, the League took the lead in
exposing those who were against the passage of the bill. On 10 October
1991, the new Local Government Code was signed into law. The prospects
of greater autonomy, in turn, gained the support of newly elected local
officials. Through all this time, the League provided institutional
expression of the unity and support from the grassroots.
The new law ushered in a
real test of the League's importance. The focus shifted to the expansion
of powers and resources devolved to LGUs. Demonstrating its growing
influence, the League has sternly lobbied against all proposed bills
which undermine decentralization efforts. It's participation in the
Oversight Committee tasked to draft the implementing rules and to
supervise the implementation of the Code ensured the strengthening of
local autonomy.
Early on, the League has
already recognized the relevance of autonomy to the issues of national
development: industrialization, agricultural development, moral renewal,
environment, poverty alleviation and other key subjects. With its
emerging character as an organization of local government units rather
than an organization of of personalities, it pushed or genuine
countryside development in all corners of archipelago.
The League's general
assembly now serves as a forum for resolving critical problems arising
from the devolution process. When the inequitable distribution of IRA
became obvious with the implementation of the law, the League has taken
the lead in supporting code amendments. Through diligent advocacy, the
League has gained the support of LGUs, NGOs, people s' organizations
(POs) and the national government agencies (NGAs) for these adjustments.
Advocacy later led to sharing experiences and programs among LGU's. It
also became the forum to implement programs such as employment
generation, livelihood promotion, protecting the rights of children and
women, meeting minimum basic needs of the community, environmental
protection, promoting literacy among Filipinos, health for all, peace
and order, poverty alleviation, housing and others social services, etc.
The list goes on as the LGUs and the people become more and more
involved in charting their future.
Five years after the
enactment of the Code, the LGUs became instruments to spur countryside
development. And true to the meaning of the Greek word "kyebernao",
which means "to stir the ship," the governors of the
Philippines have proven themselves equal to the mandate of local
autonomy. They have successfully steered LGU's towards social and
economic progress in their respective community. Through all these
years. the League has served well to provide the institutional direction
towards people empowerment and national development.
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